![]() Additional improvements will be shown by combining concepts from the DDT and Yeoh SEFs to construct a more versatile SEF. The Davies–De–Thomas (DDT) SEF is a good candidate for modeling such materials. ![]() ![]() For example, rubber seals in oilfield packers can exhibit low global strains but high localized strains. One can compromise by fitting an SEF to a limited range of strain, but this is not always appropriate. The difficulty increases with highly filled elastomers because the small strain nonlinearity increases and finite-extensibility occurs at lower strains. Fitting an SEF that works in each regime is challenging when multiple or nonhomogeneous deformation modes are considered. In tension, the stress–strain response of these materials often exhibits three characteristics: (i) a decreasing modulus at low strains (200%). Strain energy functions (SEFs) are used to model the hyperelastic behavior of rubberlike materials. ![]()
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